The UN conference held at Montreal focused on agreeing on a new, 10-year Global Biodiversity Framework. Almost 200 countries agreed to the often repeated headline target of “30×30” – an ambition to conserve 30% of the world’s land and 30% of the ocean by 2030. This includes restoration of 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030 and the effective conservation and management of 30% of land and 30% of oceans by 2030. Other areas agreed include stopping human-induced extinctions, maintaining and restoring genetic diversity and the sustainable use, harvesting and trade of wild species. A second “30×30” goal also made it into the final package, with developed countries agreeing to mobilise $30bn for developing countries by 2030.
None of the components of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are legally binding but the conference attendees agreed to turn promises into action through a plan to report on, review and voluntarily increase their ambitions for tackling biodiversity loss. A good summary of what was achieved at COP15 and a handy table of the 23 targets is available on the Carbon Brief website